Pembelian mendesak GameStop adalah pembelian mendesak efek GameStop dan sejumlah efek lain yang diperdagangkan di Bursa Efek New York dan NASDAQ di antara bursa saham lainnya. Pembelian mendesak GameStop meningkatkan harga saham hingga hampir 900 kali lipat dari rekor terendahnya, menyentuh harga $500 tiap sahap pada 28 Januari 2021, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi penjual saham kosong. Ketergesaan untuk menutupi posisi ini hanya akan mendorong harga lebih tinggi lagi.
Pada 28 Januari, Robinhood menghentikan pembelian efek GameStop dan efek lainnya, sehingga mendapatkan kritik dan tuduhan manipulasi pasar dan politikus dan pelaku bisnis terkemuka dari seluruh spektrum politik, termasuk Senator Ted Cruz, Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Donald Trump Jr., dan CEO Tesla Elon Musk. Gugatan perwakilan kelompok juga diajukan terhadap Robinhood di Distrik Selatan New York dan Distrik Utara Illinois Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat.
Pada 22 Januari 2021, sekitar 140% dari pengambangan GameStop (porsi saham perusahaan yang berada di tangan investor publik) telah dijual kosong, bermakna saham yang dijual kosong dipinjamkan kembali dan dijual kosong lagi.
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Pengamat yang berkumpul di sekitar r/wallstreetbets percaya bahwa perusahaan sedang mengalami penilaian rendah secara signifikan dan dengan jumlah saham yang begitu tinggi, mereka dapat memicu pembelian mendesak dengan menaikkan harga ke titik ketika penjual kosong harus menyerah dan menutupi posisi mereka pada kerugian yang luar biasa.
GameStop, jejaring toko biasa permainan veo Amerika Serikat, telah berjuang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir karena persaingan dari layanan distribusi digital serta dampak ekonomi dari pandemi COV-19 yang menurunkan jumlah orang yang berbelanja. Akibatnya, harga saham GameStop menurun sehingga membuat banyak investor institusional menjual kosong sahamnya. Namun, pada September 2020, Ryan Cohen (mantan CEO pengecer makanan hewan peliharaan daring, Chewy) mengungkapkan investasi yang signifikan di GameStop dan bergabung dengan dewan perusahaan sehingga membuat banyak orang meyakini saham tersebut dinilai terlalu rendah.
Akibat pandemi COV-19, secara umum belanja konsumen turun drastis. Ada juga lebih banyak uang di tangan investor sebagai akibat dari suku bunga rendah secara historis dan ketakmampuan untuk membelanjakan uang mereka di tempat lain.
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Bahkan sebelum pembelian mendesak, GME telah tertarik dengan r/wallstreetbets. Seorang pengguna bernama Keith Gill, seorang pengusaha asuransi jiwa Massachusetts berusia 34 tahun,
Pada 29 Januari, Keith mengatakan bahwa ia mengira perdagangan ini akan berhasil, tetapi tak pernah mengharapkan apa yang terjadi selama seminggu terakhir.
Selain GameStop dan, dalam cara yang lebih kecil, BlackBerry, yang merupakan inti dari pembelian singkat yang dipicu oleh Reddit, banyak efek lain yang terpengaruh oleh pembelian efek setelah harga saham GameStop mulai meroket, sehingga sangat meningkatkan harga aset bagi efek berikut:
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GME Resources, sebuah perusahaan pertambangan Australia, melihat saham mereka meningkat secara signifikan lebih dari 50% selama perdagangan intrahari dan ditutup dengan kenaikan 13, 3% pada 28 Januari. Hal ini dispekulasikan terjadi sebagai lelucon mengingat simbol saham yang sama di bursa yang berbeda.
Pedagang amatir di Malaysia terilhami oleh pembelian mendesak GameStop untuk menyasar saham pembuat sarung tangan lateks di Bursa Malaysia sebagai langkah balasan kepada devaluasi sektor oleh investor institusional menyusul pencabutan larangan pembelian mendesak di negara itu pada awal Januari 2021. Top Glove, Hartalega, dan Supermax masing-masing mencatatkan kenaikan saham sebesar 15%, 10%, dan 9, 2% selama perdagangan intrahari pada tanggal 29 Januari, sebelum ditutup dengan kenaikan sebesar 8, 5%, 5, 4% and 3, 7%. Seruan pergerakan saham dilaporkan diorganisasi dari r/bursabets, saluran tiruan Malaysia dari r/wallstreetbets yang dinamakan berdasarkan bursa saham Malaysia., the company operates 4, 413 stores including 2, 949 in the United States, 216 in Canada, 419 in Australia and 829 in Europe under the GameStop, EB Games, EB Games Australia, Micromania-Zing, ThinkGeek and Zing Pop Culture brands.
The company's performance declined during the mid-to-late 2010s due to the shift of video game sales to online shopping and failed investmts by GameStop in smartphone retail. In 2021, after retail investors noticed that the short interest well exceeded the float, the company's stock price skyrocketed. According to the SEC report, this volatility was only in part due to the shorts covering their positions, but mostly thanks to the massive buying power of retail investors. The company received significant media atttion during January and February 2021 due to the volatility of its stock price. The company is now ranked 521st on the Fortune 500.
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In addition to retail stores, GameStop owns and publishes Game Informer, a video game magazine, transformed itself into an e-commerce business, and launched an NFT platform.
GameStop traces its roots to Babbage's, a Dallas, Texas-based software retailer founded in 1984 by former Harvard Business School classmates James McCurry and Gary M. Kusin.
The company quickly began to focus on video game sales for the th-dominant Atari 2600. Babbage's began selling Nintdo games in 1987.
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Babbage's merged with Software Etc., an Edina, Minnesota-based retailer that specialized in personal computing software, to create NeoStar Retail Group in 1994.
The merger was structured as a stock swap, where shareholders of Babbage's and Software Etc. received shares of NeoStar, a newly formed holding company. Babbage's and Software Etc. continued to operate as indepdt subsidiaries of NeoStar and retained their respective sior managemt teams.
Babbage's founder and chairman James McCurry became chairman of NeoStar, while Babbage's presidt Gary Kusin and Software Etc. Presidt Daniel DeMatteo retained their respective titles. Software Etc. chairman Leonard Riggio became chairman of NeoStar's executive committee.
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Gary Kusin resigned as presidt of Babbage's in February 1995 to start a cosmetics company. Daniel DeMatteo, formerly presidt of Software Etc., assumed Kusin's duties and was promoted to presidt and chief operating officer of NeoStar. NeoStar chairman James McCurry was also appointed to the newly created position of NeoStar CEO.
NeoStar merged its Babbage's and Software Etc. units into a single organization in May 1996 amid declining sales. Company presidt Daniel DeMatteo also resigned, and NeoStar chairman and CEO James McCurry assumed the title of presidt.
In September of that year, after NeoStar was unable to secure the credit necessary to purchase invtory necessary for the holiday season, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and appointed Thomas G. Plaskett chairman while James McCurry remained company chief executive and presidt.
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The leadership changes were not ough; in November 1996, the assets of NeoStar were purchased for $58.5 million by Leonard Riggio, a founder of Software Etc. and chairman and principal stockholder of Barnes & Noble. Electronics Boutique had also bid to purchase NeoStar, but the judge presiding over NeoStar's bankruptcy accepted Riggio's bid because it kept op 108 stores more than Electronics Boutique's bid would have. Approximately 200 retail stores were not included in the transaction and were subsequtly closed.
He appointed Richard "Dick" Fontaine, previously Software Etc.'s chief executive during its expansion in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as Babbage Etc.'s chief executive. Daniel DeMatteo, previously the presidt of both Software Etc. and NeoStar, became company presidt and COO.
Three years later, in 1999, Babbage's Etc. launched its GameStop brand with 30 stores in strip malls. The company also launched gamestop.com, a website that allowed consumers to purchase video games online. GameStop.com was promoted in Babbage's and Software Etc. stores.
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Because Babbage's Etc. was principally owned by Leonard Riggio, who was also Barnes & Noble's chairman and principal shareholder, a special committee of indepdt directors of Barnes & Noble Booksellers evaluated and signed off on the deal.
A few months later, in May 2000, Barnes & Noble acquired Funco, the owner of Ed Prairie, Minnesota-based video game retailer FuncoLand, for $160 million.
Babbage's Etc., which had be previously operating as a direct subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Funco.
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Barnes & Noble retained control over the newly public company with 67% of outstanding shares and 95% of voting shares. Barnes & Noble retained control over GameStop until October 2004, wh it distributed its 59% stake in GameStop to stakeholders of Barnes & Noble, making it an indepdt company.
In November 2014, Draw Another Circle LLC, a company controlled by merchandising executive Joel Weinshanker that also owns Hastings tertainmt, purchased MovieStop.
In October 2012 at Grapevine Mills in Dallas, GameStop introduced GameStop Kids, a pop-up retail concept. The brand, which had 80 locations in shopping malls during the Christmas and holiday season, focused on childr's products, and carried only games rated "Everyone" by the ESRB, along with merchandise of popular franchises aimed towards the demographic.
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In July 2014, GameStop's Australian Division EB Games Australia introduced ZiNG Pop Culture—a pop culture retailer. ZiNG Pop Culture has since expanded to over 50 standalone stores as well as numerous large format hybrid stores, which include both an EB Games and Zing Pop Culture store in a single location with an expanded selection of games merchandise.
Daniel DeMatteo replaced Richard Fontaine as GameStop CEO in August 2008. DeMatteo had served as company COO since 1996. Fontaine, who had be GameStop chairman and CEO since 1996, remained the company's chairman.
The market for physical game media has be in a state of decline due to downloadable games on services such as Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, Nintdo eShop, and Steam.
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This has resulted in a decline in sales at GameStop. In 2017, GameStop reported a 16.4% drop in sales for the 2016 holiday season, but expressed optimism in its non-physical gaming businesses.
In February 2017, it was revealed that GameStop forced, on all of its retail employees, a program
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